Culture, education and science
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Art of aboriginal people of Ugra is represented by the following 24 people whose names are famous far from the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and the Russian Federation, including 6 members of Writers' Union of Russia, 2 members of Painters' Union:
New direction in the Department work is the development of national kinds of sport. In 2002 under the initiative of the head of public corporation "Ugra Salvation " Anatoly Kaurtaev the oblas rowing championship of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in the settlement of Poikovsky of the Nefeteyugansky District was organized which actually became the national mass holiday of the small-in-number peoples of the North. Within the framework of IX International folklore festival of Finno-Ugrian peoples, held in June 27 – July 3, 2005 in the settlement of Poikovsky, Nefteyugansky District in the marine club “Ugra”, the IV Open Oblas Rowing Championship of the Autonomous Okrug was held. Teams from the Nizhnevartovsky, Surgutsky, Beloyarsky, Khanty-Mansiysky, Nefteyugansky, Kondinsky, Beryezovsky, Oktyabrsky Districts, the towns of Megion, Surgut, Langepas, Nizhnevartovsk and a student team of the Yugorsky State University took part in the competitions. Approximately 150 people in the age of 18-55 took part in the championship in total.
Materials of expositions are placed at the page of the State establishment of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Museum "Torum Maa". Severe climate, traditional trade development create absolutely specific cultural environment of the Ob-Ugrian people. In contrast to European cultures where the man is the king of the nature, the nature of the Ob-Ugrian people is spiritual and represents the subject of interaction. That is why the Ob-Ugrian people treat everything as alive creatures. Modest in every day life the Ob-Ugrian people have got well developed forms of spiritual practice which are still remain uninvestigated and not described. There are some legends in the Ob-Ugrian folklore which tell about people who are able to control the elements. Shamans being the mediators between people and spirits cured the illness, fortune tellers predicted the future. The mythology of the Ob-Ugrian people included the conceptions about the world and the man about the social history as well as some philosophical knowledge. All scientists not only those who study the Finno-Ugrian culture agree that the Khanty and the Mansi are one of the most interesting ethnic peoples concerning scientific cognition of the development of religion, languages, culture. Their ideology is a combination of ideas about the man and the world around him including the Cosmos. In other words they are the ideas about the components of the universe the connections between them and about the primary events of the existence (life, birth, love, hate, truth, justice etc.) sometimes this ideas are naive sometimes they have profound philosophical matters. Some of them are similar to the ideas created by other peoples, others are very original. These ideas also vary and can be characteristic for the Ob-Ugrian people or for the Khanty or the Mansi or their local groups only. For the Ob-Ugrian people animistic perception of the world is characteristic - personification of the natural phenomenon, believe in spirits. According to their ideas the universe is divided into three worlds: the Upper world («Sky»), the Lower world («Underground») and the Middle word (in which a man lives). The Middle world was formed with the help of the gods of the Upper world and the Lower world. the Upper world the Lower world have got their divisions - 7 heavens for the Upper world and 3 heavens for the Lower world. Each part is ruled by the concrete god. The supreme god is the god of the heaven Torum who has got children, spirits who guard concrete territories of the Ob-Ugrian people One of the main gods is the goddess Kaltash, who gives life and children. The lower world - kingdom of illness and death is headed by Kul otyr or Khin vert. Besides there's also "the man who watches the world" a rider on a white horse flying around the world and guarding it. The goddess of fire is also worshipped. Finally there are a big number of minor local forest and water spirits. Spirits get bloody and bloodless gifts. The gifts are kept in special holy "labaz". Sometimes they are kept at home in special holy places. Bear is considered to be the most worshipped animal which has the remarkable importance in mythology, believes, rites and fine arts. The worship of the bear exists in archeological cultures on the Okrug territory stating from III-II century BC. The brightest demonstration of this worship are the rites which are called bear festivals. These festivals which last up to 7 days are performed by about 300 songs, dances and shows. In mythological songs performed at the festivals the traditional picture of the world is reflected. Worship of other animals was not as developed as the one of the bear. Different groups of them worshipped the elk. They approved special feelings to fur bearing animals and to some birds. Folklore creative work of the Khanty and the Mansi is not independent esthetic value but it is connected with the system of believes and life support, regulates every day activity and acts as a socializing factor. Its originality is in the combination of profound archaism of functioning with the sophistication o f poetic style and poetic forms. In the last few years one can witness considerable development of national culture in the Okrug. The system of working institutions of traditional culture is performed nowadays by the Centers of national culture and Ethnographic Centers as well (Beloyarsky, Beryezovo, settlements of Russkinskoe, Oktyabrskoye, Surgutsky District, Nizhnevartovsky District, settlement of Saranpaul, Pyt-Yakh, Urai, settlement of Mezhdurechensky). Nowadays the renascence and the development of traditional culture and languages o f small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North of the Okrug can be considered as advanced due to relationship with the Finno-Ugrian world revival for its languages and culture as well as the work of authorities of the Okrug and funds in this sphere. Folklore groups "Arang moshne" and "Eshak nay" are well known far outside the Okrug. There are national newspapers «Khanty yasang» and «Luima seripos», national programs «Shushi mir volupsy» (State TV Company "Yugoria") and «Northern House» (Okrug TV Company "Ugra"). There is the Alliance of the Ob-Ugrian people traditional art craftsmen. It is a fund which unifies specialists in traditional art: fine art specialists, ethnographists and traditional art craftsmen. Folklore is the cultural value of the Ob-Ugrian people. There are folklore archives and funds, museums, research institute of the Ob-Ugrian people which take care of its gathering and correction and storage. There are a lot of specialists who know the language and the traditional culture of the Ob-Ugrian people. National groups: 1. Workshop specialized on national musical
instruments making 2. Ob-Ugrian peoples
theatre. Amateur national groups:
Centers of national culture of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug
Education and upbringing of indigenous small-in-number peoples of the North
That is the reason of low efficiency of educational system of small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North in the Okrug. The most important specific features on national psychology is the domination of figurative thinking not formal-logical one, considerable difference of the cultural-objective environment during the pre-school period, active methods of traditional education and reproduction of culture. The predomination of figurative thinking on formally logical one doesn't indicate cultural backwardness, moreover figurative thinking forms on the base of every creative activity. However the existent educational system is oriented on the development of formally logical thinking, no the learning of given logical schemes and on the accumulation of information. That is why the teaching process of the Khanty and Mansi children causes much more problems than the one with other nationalities children. In some cases an absolutely normal pupil can't overcome these difficulties and becomes eventually considered as "mentally handicapped". With some more favorable conditions it leads to some decrease in general education received by a pupil which leads to non-motivated screening. The total number of pupils who continue studying in the 7th form less than 35%, the number of those who graduated from school successfully is only 5% from pupils who entered the school. Small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North not only in the Okrug depend entirely on the position and decisions of the State and local governments structures when it concerns their children education. To solve this problem careful approach of the State structures and active position of small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North themselves are necessary. Nowadays a system, adapted to national specific features of small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North doesn't exist. While teaching children of small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North the all-State school programs are used which is results in cultural assimilation of the young generation and causes such negative moments as: non-motivated screening, formally gotten education, no interest to continue it etc. The State policy in the sphere of education formed in 1930th also aims cultural assimilation of the young generation. It was based on the boarding schools system. that is why it is difficult to determine the unique standard of ethno-national system of education. However the Okrug has got a considerable amount of practical experience in this sphere. Ni national villages children study the nuts and bolts of ethnical culture. Studying of foundations of marketing, deer-raising, fishing and hunting at school allows to continue schooling in K-M institute of nature management of the North. Thus the unique system of teaching and up-bringing process, starting with nursery school and finishing with higher education institute is founded. The peculiarities of territorial inhabitation of small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North will be taken into consideration. The primary task will have two main goals: 1. Formation of national small-complete primary schools in small villages, with high specific weight of indigenous peoples. 2. National staff training. The existent level of national personnel training caused its low specific weight among all population and among people with education and differs considerably from average figures in the Okrug. In particular among small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North specific weight of people with higher and non finished higher education is 2,5 - 3 times lower than in the Okrug on average. The number of specialists with higher education among small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North is according to different data from 556 to 577 people but more than a quarter of them love in K-M, and in general 60% live in the cites. On average in the Okrug there are 20 indigenous people with higher education per 1000 indigenous people which is 3,5 times less than in the Okrug in general. This index varies considerably in different districts: 3 people in Surgut district and 52 people per 1000 in Sovetsky District. However the problem of personnel training remains the most critical among indigenous people. This situation is actual not only with higher education personnel training but with secondary special and secondary professional education. Without having this problem solved it will be difficult to solve economical social legal and other questions faced by small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North in market economy period. The principal task is not only to increase the number of specialists with higher and secondary special education, but in well-balanced policy of training of high qualification national personnel according to the needs of production and social sphere in the present state of market economy. Formation of personality in the present state of modern life National personnel education and training of the national staff is one of the priority directions of the Department’s activity, and it is systematically analyzed and summarized as a special block of issues. There are 43 national schools in the places of dense settling of the Ugra aborigines. According to information of Education & Science Department of the Autonomous Okrug 32 schools have computers, it makes 322 computers. 7 national schools have satellite antennas. On the territory of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug there are 42 national schools 8 small complete schools and 2...schools. There's a mechanism of interaction with institutes of higher education and Russian Federation. Based on the grounds of #271 decree "about measures have to be taken in development of personnel training for Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug " annual Entrance examination from Tyumen region universities takes place in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. According to the results of Entrance examination 160 people entered Alongside with modern methods of education national language is studied at national schools, the growing-up generation is joined to the national culture. Ten schools are working on the direction “Ethic education” and carry out the profile education of national economies (deer farming, hunting and fishing). During the holidays schoolchildren, including the representatives of indigenous small-in-number peoples of the North continue to improve their knowledge and skills on the above-mentioned directions on the basis of children’s ethnic health improvement centers of the Autonomous Okrug under the supervision of the oldest keepers of national culture. Modern forms of work with masters enter our every day life: master-classes, master’s weeks, creative galleries on different kind of crafts. At present the following 25 craftsmen - indigenous people of Ugra have the title People's Craftsman of Russia, articles of most of them are included to the representative expositions of the Government of the Autonomous Okrug:
Scientists – representatives
of indigenous small-in-number peoples
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